I am attempting to install and run a postgreSQL server, whenever I install it using

sudo apt-get install postgresql

I get the following error:

* Starting PostgreSQL 9.1 database server                                       
* The PostgreSQL server failed to start. Please check the log output:
2014-04-03 17:18:16 PDT FATAL:  could not create lock file     "/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432.lock": Permission denied
                                                                    [fail]
invoke-rc.d: initscript postgresql, action "start" failed.
dpkg: error processing postgresql-common (--configure):
subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of postgresql-9.1:
postgresql-9.1 depends on postgresql-common (>= 115~); however:
Package postgresql-common is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing postgresql-9.1 (–configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of postgresql:
postgresql depends on postgresql-9.1; however:
Package postgresql-9.1 is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing postgresql (–configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a          previous failure.
Errors were encountered while
processing:
postgresql-common
postgresql-9.1
postgresql
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

I am guessing it's a permissions issue; how do I go about solving it? I am running Ubuntu 13.10

Change the owner of /var/run/postgresql and set it to postgres:

sudo chown -R postgres:postgres /var/run/postgresql

If the user you are running as does not have sudo privilege, then

1. Change to root:

   su -
   

2. Change ownership of /var/run/postgresql to user postgres and group postgres:

   chown -R postgres:postgres /var/run/postgresql
   

I had the same problem when installing postgres on Ubuntu 14.04 and changing the ownership fixed the problem for me.